<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">omna</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Омский научный вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Omsk Scientific Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-8225</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-7541</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Омский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25206/1813-8225-2024-191-64-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BLATBJ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">omna-161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка точности открытых цифровых моделей рельефа местности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the accuracy of open digital terrain models</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9636-3963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коротин Антон Сергеевич - старший преподаватель кафедры геоинформатики, геодезии и кадастра ННГАСУ, SPIN-код: 8401-4026. AuthorID (РИНЦ): 808295. AuthorID (SCOPUS): 57216799168. ResearcherID: JHS-4533-2023.</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Korotin Anton Sergeevich - Senior Lecturer of Geoinformatics, Geodesy and Cadastre Department, NNGASU, SPIN-code: 8401-4026. AuthorID (RSCI): 808295. AuthorID (SCOPUS): 57216799168. ResearcherID: JHS-4533-2023.</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonkorotin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-2369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Евгений Владимирович - доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры инженерной графики и информационного моделирования ННГАСУ, SPIN-код: 8156-5998. AuthorID (РИНЦ): 663542. AuthorID (SCOPUS): 56585437200. ResearcherID: F-6001-2013.</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Popov Evgeny Vladimirovich - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Engineering Graphics and Information Modeling Department, NNGASU, SPIN-code: 8156-5998. AuthorID (RSCI): 663542. AuthorID (SCOPUS): 56585437200. ResearcherID: F-6001-2013.</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popov_eugene@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коротин А.С., Попов Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коротин А.С., Попов Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korotin A.S., Popov E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://onv.omgtu.ru/jour/article/view/161">https://onv.omgtu.ru/jour/article/view/161</self-uri><abstract><p>Оперативное получение достоверной информации о рельефе местности с достаточной детализацией является одной из главенствующих задач в областях народного хозяйства, развития территорий или исследований крупных территориальных единиц. Множественность источников ошибок в материалах дистанционного зондирования Земли обусловлена рядом факторов, а получаемые модели местности имеют определенную степень генерализации, что напрямую влияет на корректность цифровых моделей рельефа. Данная статья посвящена анализу существующих методов оценки погрешностей открытых цифровых моделей рельефа с целью повышения их точности. Корректные цифровые модели рельефа имеют высокое подобие действительности и могут быть использованы при региональных исследованиях в части определения морфометрических показателей территории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prompt receipt of reliable information about the terrain with sufficient detail is one of the main tasks in the fields of national economy, territorial development or research of large territorial units. The multiplicity of error sources in Earth remote sensing materials is due to a number of factors, and the resulting terrain models have a certain degree of generalization, which directly affects the correctness of digital terrain models. This article is devoted to the analysis of existing methods for estimating errors of open digital terrain models in order to increase their accuracy. Correct digital elevation models have a high similarity to reality and can be used in regional studies to determine the morphometric indicators of the territory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровая модель рельефа</kwd><kwd>дистанционное зондирование Земли</kwd><kwd>древесно-кустарниковая растительность</kwd><kwd>нормальное распределение Гаусса</kwd><kwd>интерполяционный полином Лагранжа</kwd><kwd>локальная интерполяция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital terrain model</kwd><kwd>remote sensing of the Earth</kwd><kwd>tree and shrub vegetation</kwd><kwd>normal Gaussian distribution</kwd><kwd>Lagrange interpolation polynomial</kwd><kwd>local interpolation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова А. И. Анализ методов интерполирования высот точек для создания цифровых моделей рельефа // Автометрия. 2017. Т. 53, № 2. С. 86–94. DOI: 10.15372/AUT20170210. EDN: YKFYZB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova A. I. Analiz metodov interpolirovaniya vysot tochek dlya sozdaniya tsifrovykh modeley rel’yefa [Analysis of elevation interpolation methods for creating digital elevation models] // Avtometriya. Avtometriya. 2017. Vol. 53, no. 2. P. 86–94. DOI: 10.15372/AUT20170210. EDN: YKFYZB. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капралов Е. Г., Кошкарев А. В., Тикунов В. С. [и др.]. Геоинформатика / под ред. В. С. Тикунова. Москва: Академия, 2010. 391 с. ISBN 978-5-7695-6468-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapralov E. G., Koshkarev A. V., Tikunov V. S. [et al.]. Geoinformatika [Geoinformatics] / Ed. by V. S. Tikunova. Moscow, 2010. 391 p. ISBN 978-5-7695-6468-0. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хромых В. В., Хромых О. В. Опыт автоматизированного морфометрического анализа долинных геосистем Южного Притомья на основе цифровой модели рельефа // Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2007. № 298. С. 208–210. EDN: KHNFOP.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khromykh V. V., Khromykh O. V. Opyt avtomatizirovannogo morfometricheskogo analiza dolinnykh geosistem Yuzhnogo Pritom’ya na osnove tsifrovoy modeli rel’yefa [The experience of automized morphometric analysis of geosystems based on digital elevation model of the tom valley] // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tomsk State University Journal. 2007. No. 298. P. 208–210. EDN: KHNFOP. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jarvis A., Rubiano J., Nelson A. [et al.]. Practical use of SRTM data in the tropics — Comparisons with digital elevation models generated from cartographic data // Centro International de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Cali, Colombia, 2004. № 198. 36 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jarvis A., Rubiano J., Nelson A. [et al.]. Practical use of SRTM data in the tropics – Comparisons with digital elevation models generated from cartographic data // Centro International de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Cali, Colombia, 2004. No. 198. 36 p. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tachikawa T., Kaku M., Iwasaki A. [et al.]. ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 – Summary of Validation Results // Archive Center and the Joint Japan-US ASTER Science Team. 2011. 28 p. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255280829_ASTER_Global_Digital_Elevation_Model_Version_2_-_Summary_of_validation_results (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tachikawa T., Kaku M., Iwasaki A. [et al.]. ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 – Summary of Validation Results // Archive Center and the Joint Japan-US ASTER Science Team. 2011. 28 p. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255280829_ASTER_Global_Digital_Elevation_Model_Version_2_-_Summary_of_validation_results (accessed: 01.10.2023). (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song C., Fan C., Zhu J. [et al.]. A comprehensive geospatial database of nearly 100 000 reservoirs in China // Earth System Science Data. 2022. № 14 (9). P. 4017–4034. DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-4017-2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song C., Fan C., Zhu J. [et al.]. A comprehensive geospatial database of nearly 100 000 reservoirs in China // Earth System Science Data. 2022. No. 14 (9). P. 4017–4034. DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-4017-2022. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова А. Н. Геоинформационное моделирование речного бассейна по данным спутниковой съемки STRM (на примере бассейна р. Терешки) // Известия Саратовского университета. Науки о Земле. 2009. Т. 9, № 1. С. 39–44. EDN: JVCBHW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova A. N. Geoinformatsionnoye modelirovaniye rechnogo basseyna po dannym sputnikovoy s”yemki STRM (na primere basseyna r. Tereshki) [Geoinformation modeling of the river basin based on STRM satellite imagery data (on the example of the Tereshki River basin)] // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Earth Sciences. 2009. Vol. 9, no. 1. P. 39–44. EDN: JVCBHW. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamazaki D., Ikeshima D., Tawatari R. [et al.]. A highaccuracy map of global terrain elevations // Geophysical Research Letters. 2017. № 44 (11). P. 5844–5853. DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamazaki D., Ikeshima D., Tawatari R. [et al.]. A highaccuracy map of global terrain elevations // Geophysical Research Letters. 2017. No. 44 (11). P. 5844–5853. DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072874. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коротин А. С., Попов Е. В. Оценка точности цифровых моделей рельефа, применяемых для территориальных исследований // ГРАФИКОН’2015: тр. юбилейной 25-й Междунар. науч. конф. Протвино, 22–25 сентября 2015 г. Москва: Изд-во ИФТИ (Протвино), 2015. С. 102–106. EDN: UNFQOB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotin A. S., Popov E. V. Otsenka tochnosti tsifrovykh modeley rel’yefa, primenyayemykh dlya territorial’nykh issledovaniy [Evaluation of precision of digital elevation models used for territorial studies] // GRAFIKON’2015. GRAPHICON’ 2015. Moscow, 2015. P. 102–106. EDN: UNFQOB. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черниховский Д. М. Оценка связей морфометрических характеристик рельефа с количественными и качественными характеристиками лесов на основе цифровых моделей рельефа ASTER и SRTM // Сибирский лесной журнал. 2007. № 3. С. 28–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernikhovskiy D. M. Otsenka svyazey morfometricheskikh kharakteristik rel’yefa s kolichestvennymi i kachestvennymi kharakteristikami lesov na osnove tsifrovykh modeley rel’yefa ASTER i SRTM [Assessment of relationships of morphometric characteristics of relief with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forests based on digital elevation models ASTER and SRTM] // Sibirskiy lesnoy zhurnal. Siberian Journal of Forest Science. 2007. No. 3. P. 28–39. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lefsky M. A. A global forest canopy height map from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System // Geophysical Research Letters. 2010. № 37 (15). P. 1–5. DOI: 10.1029/2010GL043622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lefsky M. A. A global forest canopy height map from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System // Geophysical Research Letters. 2010. No. 37 (15). P. 1–5. DOI: 10.1029/2010GL043622. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huili C., Qiuhua L., Yong L. [et al.]. Hydraulic correction method (HCM) to enhance the efficiency of SRTM DEM in flood modeling // Journal of Hydrology. 2018. Vol. 559. P. 56–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huili C., Qiuhua L., Yong L. [et al.]. Hydraulic correction method (HCM) to enhance the efficiency of SRTM DEM in flood modeling // Journal of Hydrology. 2018. Vol. 559. P. 56–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.056. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirt C. Artefact detection in global digital elevation models (DEMs): The Maximum Slope Approach and its application for complete screening of the SRTM v4.1 and MERIT DEMs // Remote Sensing of Environment. 2018. Vol. 207. P. 27–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.12.037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirt C. Artefact detection in global digital elevation models (DEMs): The Maximum Slope Approach and its application for complete screening of the SRTM v4.1 and MERIT DEMs // Remote Sensing of Environment. 2018. Vol. 207. P. 27–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.12.037. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takaku J., Iwasaki A., Tadono T. Adaptive filter for improving quality of ALOS PRISM DSM // International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2016. P. 5370–5373. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2016.7730399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takaku J., Iwasaki A., Tadono T. Adaptive filter for improving quality of ALOS PRISM DSM // International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2016. P. 5370–5373. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2016.7730399. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson N., Regetz J., Guralnick R. P. EarthEnv-DEM90: a nearly-global, void-free, multi-scale smoothed, 90 m digital elevation model from fused ASTER and SRTM data // Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2014. № 87. P. 57–67. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.11.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson N., Regetz J., Guralnick R. P. EarthEnv-DEM90: a nearly-global, void-free, multi-scale smoothed, 90 m digital elevation model from fused ASTER and SRTM data // Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2014. No. 87. P. 57–67. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.11.002. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коротин А. С., Попов Е. В. Реконструкция местности на основе откорректированных цифровых моделей рельефа // Проблемы машиноведения: материалы III Междунар. науч.-техн. конф. Омск, 23–24 апреля 2019 г. Омск: Изд-во ОмГТУ, 2019. С. 283–289. EDN: ZHFUDB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotin A. S., Popov E. V. Rekonstruktsiya mestnosti na osnove otkorrektirovannykh tsifrovykh modeley rel’yefa [Terrain reconstruction based on corrected digital elevation models] // Problemy mashinovedeniya. Problems of Mechanical Engineering. Omsk, 2019. P. 283–289. EDN: ZHFUDB. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gesch D., Oimoen M., Danielson J. [et al.]. Validation of the ASTER global digital elevation model version 3 over the conterminous United States // The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Prague, Czech Republic, 2016. Vol. XLI-B4. P. 143–148. DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B4-143-2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gesch D., Oimoen M., Danielson J. [et al.]. Validation of the ASTER global digital elevation model version 3 over the conterminous United States // The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Prague, Czech Republic, 2016. Vol. XLI-B4. P. 143–148. DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B4-143-2016. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reuter H. I., Nelson A., Jarvis A. An evaluation of voidfilling interpolation methods for SRTM data // International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2007. № 21 (9). P. 983–1008. DOI: 10.1080/13658810601169899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reuter H. I., Nelson A., Jarvis A. An evaluation of voidfilling interpolation methods for SRTM data // International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2007. No. 21 (9). P. 983–1008. DOI: 10.1080/13658810601169899. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonin O., Rousseaux F. Digital terrain model computation from contour lines: how to derive quality information from artifact analysis // Geoinformatica. 2005. № 9 (3). P. 253–268. DOI: 10.1007/s10707-005-1284-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonin O., Rousseaux F. Digital terrain model computation from contour lines: how to derive quality information from artifact analysis // Geoinformatica. 2005. No. 9 (3). P. 253–268. DOI: 10.1007/s10707-005-1284-2. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oksanen J., Sarjakoski T. Uncovering the statistical and spatial characteristics of fine toposcale DEM error // International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2006. № 20 (4). P. 345–369. DOI: 10.1080/13658810500433891.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oksanen J., Sarjakoski T. Uncovering the statistical and spatial characteristics of fine toposcale DEM error // International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2006. No. 20 (4). P. 345–369. DOI: 10.1080/13658810500433891. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monckton C. G. An investigation into the spatial structure of error in digital elevation data // Innovations in GIS. London, 1994. P. 201–211. ISBN 978-0-429-20439-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monckton C. G. An investigation into the spatial structure of error in digital elevation data // Innovations in GIS. London, 1994. P. 201–211. ISBN 978-0-429-20439-5. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wise S. Assessing the quality for hydrological applications of digital elevation models derived from contours // Hydrological Processes. 2000. № 14 (11–12). P. 1909–1929. DOI: 10.1002/10991085(20000815/30)14:11/123.0.CO;2-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wise S. Assessing the quality for hydrological applications of digital elevation models derived from contours // Hydrological Processes. 2000. No. 14 (11–12). P. 1909–1929. DOI: 10.1002/10991085(20000815/30)14:11/123.0.CO;2-6. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wise S. M., Lane S. N., Richards K. S. [et al.]. The effect of GIS interpolation errors on the use of DEMs in geomorphology // Landform Monitoring, Modeling and Analysis. Wiley, Chichester, 1998. P. 139–164. ISBN 978-0-471-96977-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wise S. M., Lane S. N., Richards K. S. [et al.]. The effect of GIS interpolation errors on the use of DEMs in geomorphology // Landform Monitoring, Modeling and Analysis. Wiley, Chichester, 1998. P. 139–164. ISBN 978-0-471-96977-8. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Florinsky I. V. Errors of signal processing in digital terrain modeling // International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2002. № 16 (5). P. 475–501. DOI: 10.1080/13658810210129139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Florinsky I. V. Errors of signal processing in digital terrain modeling // International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2002. No. 16 (5). P. 475–501. DOI: 10.1080/13658810210129139. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дворкин Б. А., Дудкин С. А. Новейшие и перспективные спутники дистанционного зондирования Земли // Геоматика. 2013. № 2. С. 16–36. EDN: SVUTID.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dvorkin B. A., Dudkin S. A. Noveyshiye i perspektivnyye sputniki distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli [Up-to-date and advanced remote sensing satellites] // Geomatika. Geomatics. 2013. No. 2. P. 16–36. EDN: SVUTID. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wise S. Cross-validation as a means of investigating DEM interpolation error // Computers &amp; Geosciences. 2011. Vol. 37, № 8. P. 987–991. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.12.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wise S. Cross-validation as a means of investigating DEM interpolation error // Computers &amp; Geosciences. 2011. Vol. 37, no. 8. P. 987–991. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.12.002. (In Engl.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сонюшкин А. В. Совершенствование технологий создания ортофотопланов по космическим изображениям высокого разрешения: дис. … канд. техн. наук. Москва: Изд-во МИИГАиК, 2015. 117 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sonyushkin A. V. Sovershenstvovaniye tekhnologiy sozdaniya ortofotoplanov po kosmicheskim izobrazheniyam vysokogo razresheniya [Improvement of technologies for creating orthophotomaps from high-resolution space images]. Moscow, 2015. 117 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
