Plasma-liquid welding of brass plates

The article discusses the use of a plasma-liquid system with solid and liquid electrodes for welding plates of brass. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of welding brass plates using the method of plasma-liquid welding with solid and liquid electrodes.

The authors demonstrate an experimental installation for producing a welded joint, which can later be used to create industrial plasma welding installations. The research methods are presented, such as scanning electron microscopy, which allow analysing the structure of the weld, as well as checking the hardness of the alloy according to Vickers’ microhardness tester. Moreover, the authors present a detailed analysis of the voltage features, on the basis of which it is revealed that an arc discharge is involved in the welding process.

The experimental results demonstrate the potential of the method and show the most optimal welding parameters (voltage not less than 500 V, current up to 120 A). The resulting weld has small gas pores, but the structure remains similar to that of the base metal. In conclusion, the authors propose the development options of the method, such as the use of a mixture of various salts and acids in the electrolyte and the use of a vacuum chamber to minimize metal oxidation.

1. Pevzner M. Z., Grachev S. P., Ivanov-Polsky K. V. [et al.]. Quality of high-frequency welding of brass pipes. Mekhanicheskoye Oborudovaniye Metallurgicheskikh Zavodov. 2018;2(11):22–31. EDN: AIWRHQ. (In Russ.).

2. Malakhov A. Yu., Saikov I. V., Denisov I. V. Features of the boundary of the brass-invar bimetal compound obtained by explosion welding. Deformation and Destruction of Materials. 2021;1:19–23. https://doi.org/10.31044/1814-4632-2021-1-19-23. EDN: DSUDOR. (In Russ.).

3. Koroteev A. O., Fetisova E. A., Koroteeva A. A., Klimenkova A. V. Mechanical characteristics of deposited metal in arc welding of high-strength steels with modification of shielding gas environment by SF6 gaseous flux. Vestnik Belorussko-Rossiyskogo Universiteta. 2025;1(86):23–31. https://doi.org/10.24412/2077-8481-2025-1-23-31. EDN: HBIXYW. (In Russ.).

4. Basyrov R. Sh., Bagautdinova L. N., Gaysin F. M. [et al.]. Modelirovaniye elektrofizicheskikh protsessov v sisteme elektro-lit–metallicheskiy elektrod. High Temperature. 2025;63(1):11–15. https://doi.org/10.7868/s3034610x25010022. EDN: UEOYOE. (In Russ.).

5. Bagautdinova L. N., Bel’gibayev E. R., Gaysin Al. F. [et al.]. Elektricheskiye razryady v elektrolitno-puzyr’kovoy srede rastvora sul’fata ammoniya v vodoprovodnoy vode pri atmosfernom davlenii. High Temperature. 2024;62(3):474–476. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0040364424030162. EDN: DIDQAZ. (In Russ.).

6. Gaysin A. F., Gaysin F. M., Bagautdinova L. N. [et al.]. Plasma-electrolyte discharges in a gas-liquid medium for the production of hydrogen. Power Engineering: Research, Equipment, Technology. 2021;23(2):27–35. https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-27-35. EDN: SHARHP. (In Russ.).

7. Cai B., Fu J., Zhao Y. [et al.]. Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on Arc Plasma Characteristics and Droplet Transfer during Narrow Gap Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding. Metals. 2021;11(11):1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111712.

8. Huang A., Zhang. J., Gao. C. [et al.]. Effects of groove constraint space on plasma characteristics during Laser-MIG hybrid welding of Titanium alloy. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2019;48:137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.11.004.

9. Semenov M. N., Belgibaev E. R., Kayumov R. R. [et al.]. Plasma-Liquid Welding of Copper Products. High Energy Chemistry. 2024;58(S3):S400–S403. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018143924701236.

10. Ha M. H., Do H. T., Vu D. [et al.]. The Experimental Research on Plasma Welding of SUS 304 Stainless Steel Thin Plates. Advances in Engineering Research and Application. 2022;602:942–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22200-9_100.

11. Hong X., Huang B., Li T. [et al.] Optimization of plasma arc welding process parameters of SAF 2507/316L dissimilar steel based on response surface method. Welding in the World. 2023;67:2493–2509. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3020034/v1.

12. Zhubaev A. K., Rakhmetolla G. A., Sagynova A. O. [et al.]. Study of Phase Formation in Bilayered Three Component System. High Energy Chemistry. 2024;58(S3):S475–S477. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018143924701406.

13. Akhmadullina L. I., Gaisin Az. F., Gaisin Al. F. [et al.]. Electrolyte-plasma product treatment. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020;1588(1):012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1588/1/012012.

14. Hong X., Huang B., Li T. [et al.]. Effects of Welding Speed and Welding Current on the Residual Stress and Deformation of SAF 2507/316L Dissimilar Plasma Arc Welding. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2024; 33(24):13745–13763.

15. Luk'yanova N. A., Melnikov P. V., Gribkov O. I. Effect of tempering on the structure and properties of wedded joints of low-alloy high-strength steels formed by gas tungsten arc welding. Metallovedeniye i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov. 2022;10(808):69–74. https://doi.org/10.30906/mitom.2022.10.69-74. EDN: ZBKUIT. (In Russ.).

16. Ovchinnikov V. V., Rastopchin R. N. Plasma welding of high-strength aluminum alloys. Science Intensive Technologies in Mechanical Engineering. 2020;7(109):3–11. https://doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2020-7-3-11. EDN: UTFUBB. (In Russ.).

17. Belgibaev E. R., Semenov M. N., Kayumov R. R. [et al.]. Plasma-liquid welding of electrical steel plates. Metallovedeniye i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov. 2024;7(829):62–68. https://doi.org/10.30906/mitom-2024-7-62-68. EDN: DUKXOY. (In Russ.).